PARTICLES 2023

Discrete Element Modelling of the Tensile Failure of Porous Rocks

  • Szuszik, Csanád (University of Debrecen)
  • Kun, Ferenc (University of Debrecen)

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During their geological history rocks experience complex loading conditions including tension, compression, and shear. Deformation is accompanied by the release of elastic energy from micro-cracking events, which can be registered in the form of acoustic waves. Acoustic emissions form the primary source of information about the temporal and spatial evolution of the ensemble micro-cracks leading to ultimate failure. The acoustic noise generated during the compressive failure of rocks in laboratory experiments has been found to exhibit scale-free statistics, which addressed the universality of cracking phenomena across a broad range of length scales. In spite of the intensive research, the effect of the loading conditions on the statistical features of crackling noise generating acoustic emissions has not been fully understood. Due to the limitations of acoustic emission experiments, computer simulations of realistic models of geomaterials can be used to complete our insight into the deformation and fracture of rocks. In order to understand how the loading condition affects the jerky evolution of the fracture process and the spatial structure of damage in porous rocks, here we use discrete element simulations to analyze the statistical and dynamical features of crackling noise emerging during the tensile failure of a realistic model rock and compare the results to the outcomes of simulations obtained under compressive loading of the same samples. We demonstrate that under uniaxial tensile loading the system has a quasi-brittle behavior where the fluctuating ultimate strength and the strain where cracking sets on are both described by Weibull distributions. Simulations showed that as the sample is elongated fracturing proceeds in bursts of micro-cracks which have a scale free statistics: the size, duration, and energy released by the avalanche are all power law distributed with a finite size cut-off. The results are compared to the outcomes of the simulations of uniaxial compressive failure of the same specimens. In spite of the strong differences of the spatial structure of damage in the two cases, for the statistics of avalanche quantities the same qualitative trends are obtained and also the values of the exponents fall rather close to each other.